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Appraising
your South Bay Home
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Appraisal Frequently Asked Questions
What is an appraisal? What does an appraiser do? Why would a person need a home appraisal? What is the difference between an appraisal and a home inspection? What is the difference between an Appraisal and a Comparative Market Analysis? What does the appraisal report contain? After completing the report, what assurance is there that the value indicated is valid? How are appraisers certified? Who do appraisers work for? Where does an appraiser get the information used to estimate value? Why do I need a professional appraisal? How do I get ready for the appraiser? What is ''Market Value"? Who Actually Owns the Appraisal Report? Which home renovations add the most to the price?
What is an appraisal? Back
to top
An appraisal
is a thought process leading to an opinion of value. This opinion
or estimate is arrived at through a formal process that typically
uses the three ''common approaches to value''. They are the Cost
Approach - which is what it would cost to replace the improvements,
less physical deterioration and other factors, plus the land value.
There is the Sales Comparison Approach - which involves making a
comparison to other similar, nearby properties which have recently
sold. The Sales Comparison Approach is normally the most accurate
and best indicator of value for a residential property. The third
approach is the Income Approach, which is of most importance in
appraising income producing properties - it involves estimating
what an investor would pay based on the income produced by the property.
For a more detailed description of the appraisal process click here:
What is an appraisal?
What
does an appraiser do? Back to top
An appraiser
provides a professional, unbiased opinion of market value, to be
used in making real estate decisions. Appraisers present their formal
analysis in appraisal reports.
Why would
a person need a home appraisal? Back to
top
There are many
reasons to obtain an appraisal with the most common reason being real
estate and mortgage transactions. Other reasons for ordering an appraisal
include:
- To obtain
a loan.
- To lower
your tax burden.
- To establish
the replacement cost of insurance.
- To contest
high property taxes.
- To settle
an estate.
- To provide
a negotiating tool when purchasing real estate.
- To determine
a reasonable price when selling real estate.
For more details
on when you might need an appraisal click here: When to get an Appraisal
What
is the difference between an appraisal and a home inspection?
Back to top
The appraiser
is not a home inspector nor does he/she do a complete home inspection.
An inspection is a third-party evaluation of the accessible structure
and mechanical systems of a house, from the roof to the foundation.
The standard home inspector's report will include an evaluation
of the condition of the home's heating system, central air conditioning
system (temperature permitting), interior plumbing and electrical
systems; the roof, attic, and visible insulation; walls, ceilings,
floors, windows and doors; the foundation, basement, and visible
structure.
What
is the difference between an Appraisal and a Comparative Market
Analysis (CMA)? Back to top
Simply put,
the difference is night and day. The CMA relies on vague market
trends. The appraisal relies on specific, verifiable comparable
sales. In addition, the appraisal looks at other factors like condition,
location and construction costs. A CMA delivers a ''ball park figure.''
An appraisal delivers a defensible and carefully documented opinion
of value.
But the biggest
difference is the person creating the report. A CMA is created by
a real estate agent who may or may not have a true grasp of the
market or valuation concepts. The appraisal is created by a licensed,
certified professional who has made a career out of valuing properties.
Further, the appraiser is an independent voice, with no vested interest
in the value of a home, unlike the real estate agent, whose income
is tied to the value of the home.
What does the
appraisal report contain? Back to top
Each report
must reflect a credible estimate of value and must identify the
following:
- The client
and other intended users.
- The intended
use of the report.
- The purpose
of the assignment.
- The type
of value reported and the definition of the value reported.
- The effective
date of the appraiser's opinions and conclusions.
- Relevant
property characteristics, including location attributes, physical
attributes, legal attributes, economic attributes, the real property
interest valued, and Non real estate items included in the appraisal,
such as personal property, including trade fixtures and intangible
items.
- All known:
easements, restrictions, encumbrances, leases, reservations, covenants,
contracts, declarations, special assessments, ordinances, and
other items of a similar nature.
- Division
of interest, such as fractional interest, physical segment and
partial holding.
- The scope
of work used to complete the assignment.
After completing
the report, what assurance is there that the value indicated is
valid? Back to top
In communicating
an appraisal report, each appraiser must ensure the following:
- That the
information analysis utilized in the appraisal was appropriate.
- That significant
errors of omission or commission were not committed individually
or collectively.
- That appraisal
services were not rendered in a careless or negligent manner.
- That a credible,
supportable appraisal report was communicated.
Most states
require that real estate appraisers are state licensed or certified.
The state licensed or certified appraiser is trained to render an
unbiased opinion based upon extensive education and experience requirements.
To become licensed or certified, appraisers must fulfill rigorous
education and experience requirements. In addition, appraisers must
abide by a strict industry code of ethics and comply with national
standards of practice for real estate appraisal. The rules for developing
an appraisal and reporting its results are insured by enforcement
of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP).
How are appraisers
certified? Back to top
Regulations
regarding licensing and certification of Real Estate Appraisers
vary from state to state. However, licensing and certification is
most often associated with many hours of coursework, tests and practical
experience. Once an appraiser is licensed, he or she is required
to take continuing education courses in order to keep the license
current. To see the specific requirements for any state click here.
Who do appraisers
work for? Back to top
Typically, appraisers
are employed by lenders to estimate the value of real estate involved
in a loan transaction. Appraisers also provide opinions in litigation
cases, tax matters and investment decisions.
Where does
an appraiser get the information used to estimate value?
Back to top
Gathering data
is one of the primary roles of an appraiser. Data can be divided
into Specific and General. Specific data is gathered from the home
itself. Location, condition, amenities, size and other specific
data are gathered by the appraiser during an inspection.
General data
is gathered from a number of sources. Local Multiple Listing Services
(MLS) provide data on recently sold homes that might be used as
comparables. Tax records and other public documents verify actual
sales prices in a market. Flood zone data is gathered from FEMA
data outlets, such as a la mode's InterFlood product. And most importantly,
the appraiser gathers general data from his or her past experience
in creating appraisals for other properties in the same market.
Why do I need a professional
appraisal? Back to top
Anytime the
value of your home or other real property is being used to make
a significant financial decision, an appraisal helps. If you're
selling your home, an appraisal helps you set the most appropriate
value. If you're buying, it makes sure you don't overpay. If you're
engaged in an estate settlement or divorce, it ensures that property
is divided fairly. A home is often the single, largest financial
asset anybody owns. Knowing its true value means you can the right
financial decisions.
How do I get
ready for the appraiser? Back to top
The first step
in most appraisals is the home inspection. During this process,
the appraiser will come to your home and measure it, determine the
layout of the rooms inside, confirm all aspects of the home's general
condition, and take several photos of your house for inclusion in
the report. The best thing you can do to help is make sure the appraiser
has easy access to the exterior of the house. Trim any bushes and
move any items that would make it difficult to measure the structure.
On the inside, make sure that the appraiser can easily access items
like furnaces and water heaters.
The following
Items, if available, will help your appraiser to provide a more
accurate appraisal in a shorter period of time:
- A survey
of the house and property.
- A deed or
title report showing the legal description.
- A recent
tax bill.
- A list of
personal property to be sold with the house if applicable.
- A copy of
the original plans.
What is ''Market
Value?'' Back to top
Market value
or fair market value is the most probable price that a property
should bring (will sell for) in a competitive and open market under
all conditions requisite to a fair sale, the buyer and seller, each
acting prudently, knowledgeably and assuming the price is not affected
by undue stimulus. Implicit in this definition is the consummation
of a sale as of a specified date and the passing of title from seller
to buyer under conditions whereby: (1) buyer and seller are typically
motivated; (2) both parties are well informed or well advised; (3)
a reasonable time is allowed for exposure to the open market; (4)
payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms of
financial arrangements comparable thereto; and (5) the price represents
the normal consideration for the property sold unaffected by special
or creative financing or sales concessions granted by anyone associated
with the sale.
Who Actually Owns
the Appraisal Report? Back to top
In most real
estate transactions, the appraisal is ordered by the lender. While
the home buyer pays for the report as part of the closing costs,
the lender retains the right to use the report or any information
contained within. The home buyer is entitled to a copy of the report
- it's usually included with all of the other closing documents
- but is not entitled to use the report for any other purpose without
permission from the lender.
The exception
to this rule is when a home owner engages an appraiser directly.
In these cases, the appraiser may stipulate how the appraisal can
be used; for PMI removal, or estate planning or tax challenges,
for example. If not stipulated otherwise, the home owner can use
the appraisal for any purpose.
Which home renovations add the most to
the price? Back to top
The answer to
this is different depending upon the location of the home. Different
markets value amenities differently. In the South Bay that is true
as well. Additions or renovations that enhance the view greatly
add to value.
As a rule, the
most value returned from renovating a home comes in the kitchen.
According to one national survey, kitchen remodels returned an average
of 88% of the investment. In other words, a $10,000 kitchen remodeling
project would add approximately $8,800 to the value of the home.
Bathrooms were second, returning 85%.
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